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Каталог/Европа/Ирландия
400 лет битве при и девятилетней войне
400th Anniversary of the Battle Of Kinsale and the Nine Years War
дата выпуска:
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Михель #
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10.07.2001
офсет
14 x 15
нет
Irish Security Stamp Printing Ltd
1,000,000
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Irish soldiers
Ирландские солдаты
номинал: 30
художник:Finbarr O' Connor
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English soldiers
Английские солдаты
номинал: 30
художник:Finbarr O' Connor
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Spanish soldiers
Испанские солдаты
номинал: 32
художник:Finbarr O' Connor
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View of Kinsale in medieval times
Вид Кинсейла в средние века
номинал: 45
художник:Finbarr O' Connor
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During the second half of the 16th Century, the English Tudors, under Queen Elizabeth I, had steadily increased control of Ireland and embarked on a process of anglicisation of Ireland. By 1585 the provinces of Munster, Leinster and Connacht were firmly under Elizabethan control and the old Gaelic lords were co-operating with the English.
However Ulster was still under control of the Gaelic lords, chief among them Hugh O'Donnell, Lord of Tyrconnell and Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone. They did not trust the English and were determined to resist. In 1595 O'Neill took up arms at Clontibret against the English forces, and the Nine Year War began.
For the next few years the Ulster chiefs were largely on the defensive, regularly ambushing moving columns of English soldiers. O'Neill gained a substantial victory at Yellow Ford in 1598. O'Neill tried to get the whole country involved in the resistance and sought help from Spain who were at war with England. Despite numerous attempts and bolstered by the arrival of Lord Mountjoy in 1600, the Ulstermen could not be tamed.
But by 1601, when the time the Spanish eventually arrived at Kinsale, O'Donnell and O'Neill were under attack on all sides an in an increasingly desperate situation. The Spanish forces landed at Kinsale, County Cork on September 23rd, 1601.
O'Neill and O'Donnell marched south to join them. Meanwhile Mountjoy laid Kinsale under siege and the Spanish were effectively trapped with nowhere to go.
On Christmas Eve, O'Neill and O'Donnell led a force of 5000 Irish, with some Spanish forces, towards Kinsale. They had tried to organised themselves in continental type formations but their inexperience cost dearly. Mountjoy's forces intercepted the Irish before they reached Kinsale. Mountjoy routed one division after another until most of the Irish forces had surrendered. The Spanish forces in Kinsale, just a few miles away did now even know about the battle. When the Spanish surrendered the town of Kinsale the battle was over.
The Battle of Kinsale marked the turning point in the Nine Year War. O'Neill and O'Donnell fought on but the dye had firmly been cast.O' Neill finally surrendered at Mellifont on March 30th, 1603. Soon after the Ulster chiefs, along with thousands of the followers fled to the Continent in what became known as the 'Flight of the Earls'.
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